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Nuclear Zero Fact Sheet #2
Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)
The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) bans all nuclear explosions in sll environments for military or civilian purposes.
The Treaty was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on September 10, 1996 and, to date, has been signed by 181 states and ratified by 149.
The Treaty will enter into force 180 days after it is ratified by all 44 of the nations which possessed nuclear power reactors or research reactors when the Treaty was opened for signature (September 24,1996) — the so-called Annex 2 States. 35 of those nations have ratified the Treaty, including France, Russia and the United Kingdom. 9 have not, including the United States, China, India, Pakistan, North Korea, Indonesia and Israel, Iran and Egypt.
The United States has signed the Treaty but the Senate rejected ratification in October 1999. In the 2009 election campaign, Barack Obama pledged to secure ratification of the Treaty "at the earliest possible date."
Meanwhile, a verification regime is being created by the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBTO), an international organization headquartered in Vienna, including: an international monitoring network, an international data center, and an on-site inspection capability. The monitoring network includes 337 facilities.
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